Organizational Behavior Critical Thinking Essay Example for Free

Hierarchical Behavior Critical Thinking Essay I have picked three hypotheses to address the issue. The main hypothesis is Schwartz’s Value Theory. As indicated by the hypothesis, everybody has each own arrangement of individual qualities and the fulfillment of these individual qualities is essential. Struggle of qualities or disappointment in accomplishing them may prompt employees’ turnover. From the article, the senior staffs asserted that the rewards they got were underneath normal. I induce that a portion of the staffs’ individual qualities were not accomplished, which for this situation perhaps force and accomplishment. Their own qualities may likewise have clashed with the company’s values, which lead to their takeoff. Herzberg’s Motivator-Hygiene Theory is likewise relevant in tending to this issue. As indicated by the hypothesis, there are a few factors those lead to both work â€Å"satisfaction† (inspirations) and â€Å"dissatisfaction† (cleanliness). The nonattendance of acknowledgment which is one of the inspirations prompts no fulfillment and the nearness of cleanliness factors, for example, poor compensation and infringement of company’s arrangements, for example, not paying rewards that the officials merited may prompt â€Å"dissatisfaction†. Thisâ presence of â€Å"dissatisfaction† may be the significant explanation behind the staffs to stop. In conclusion, as indicated by The Three-Component Model of Organizational Commitment there are three sorts of responsibility that make a coupling power, those may decrease the high turnover. They are specifically Normative, Continuance and Affective duty. Emotional responsibility is principally impacted by close to home attributes and values and is firmly identified with the Schwartz’s Value Theory. This responsibility likewise thinks about work understanding, which may bolster the executives’ choice to stop. Infringement of mental agreement is a factor that may make Normative duty be burst. UBS has neglected to meet the desire for a portion of their official and this can be viewed as cleanliness factors as per Herzberg’s Motivator-Hygiene Theory which prompts â€Å"dissatisfaction†. The model, up until now, has secured the other two speculations . Including to that, this model likewise incorporates the chance of outside components that may lead somebody to leave an organization. For this situation, accessibility of employment options in different organizations, which bargain their Continuance duties, may be another power that urged officials to leave their situations in the organization. Accordingly, I reason that this model, in examination with the others, is the most fitting model to address the issue of high turnover in UBS as it covers more prospects and gives us a progressively complete perspective on why the senior staffs may have left the organization. UBS is delicate to the presentation of the world’s economy as it runs in the territory of money related help. Poor worldwide monetary execution or downturn is a main consideration that impacts the issue of high turnover looked by UBS. A large portion of the choices must be made cautiously by the organization as it includes extremely high hazard level. Through these choices, UBS needs to keep up or even improve the activity fulfillment level of its representative and simultaneously, keep on giving superb execution. Wrong choices may cause UBS to lose its representatives even its key administrators. In the hour of budgetary emergency, it is progressively hard for UBS to keep up the two its employees’ work fulfillment and furthermore its presentation. This relies to a great extent upon the company’s strategy and furthermore the choices made by the organization. For example, in Wall Street Meltdown in 2008 UBS made a US$32 billion misfortune and its stock worth plunged by practically 70% (Gross, 2008). One of the choices that the organization made was to terminate 8900 representatives around the world (Ubs lay off, 2008). The expanded in the regulationâ of monetary industry, for example, charge on money related may likewise influence the exhibition of UBS adversely. Money related Analysts anticipated that this expansion in guideline will diminish the size of the business (Adams, 2011) and this leaves UBS with no other choice than removing the quantity of its representatives. This choice had may adversely effect the remainder of the representatives as they would feel unreliable in their positions. This factor can likewise be viewed as one of the cleanliness factors which lead to â€Å"dissatisfaction† and this outcome in the high turnover. Aside from that, the serious idea of the business itself increases the test looked by UBS. Because of lower rewards that it paid to its official in contrast with the adversary organizations may urge the administrators to switch organization. For instance, Edward Cook who has worked for UBS for a long time chose to join Morgan Stanley as of late (Philbin, 2011) and Suneel Kamlani, who has labored for a long time in UBS, chose to join RBS simply a year ago (Muã ±oz, 2010). This shows it is certainly a test for UBS to inspire more elevated levels of responsibility of its workers and administrators. Accessibility of position and better installment offered by rival organizations will test the steadfastness of the UBS’s representatives. Subsequently, the high rivalry among banks additionally actuates the high turnover in UBS. To decrease turnover, administrators ought to develop the company’s esteem in the workers. This will diminish Individual-Organizational worth clash and it very well may be done through preparing sharing of the company’s vision. Directors additionally need to regard the mental agreement and ought to propose increasingly characterized strategies to organization as it might diminish work disappointment. In time of emergency, organization may likewise keep up the Continuance Commitment of the representatives by paying the rewards by utilizing the company’s share. In any case, the entirety of the arrangements I proposed may not be effective as they don't consider the other outside components and the achievement likewise relies upon the individual qualities of the workers. References Shehan, Tom, S. ,. T. (n.d.). Step by step instructions to hold workers: a high turnover rate is expensive in both immediate and backhanded expenses. . Recovered from http://www.allbusiness.com/the executives/447495-1.html Gross, D. (2008, July 07). Phil gramms ubs issue. http://www.slate.com/id/2194933/Ubs lay off occupation cut: may terminate 1900 representatives. (2008, October 01). Recovered from http://www.finance-exchanging times.com/2008/10/ubs-lay-off-work cut-may-fire-1900.html Adams, B. (2011, August 30). The enormous cutback: battling money related goliath fires a large number of workers. Recovered from http://www.theblaze.com/stories/the-enormous cutback battling money related goliath fires-a large number of workers/Philbin, B. (2011, September 14). Road moves: morgan stanley recruits rbc, ubs money related counselors. Recovered from http://online.wsj.com/article/BT-CO-20110914-711796.html Muã ±oz, S. S. (2010, April 12). Rbs employs key official from ubs. Recovered from http://www.efinancialnews.com/story/2010-04-12/rbs-enlists kamlani-official ubs

Children and the holocaust Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Youngsters and the holocaust - Research Paper Example The inclination of the German head, Adolf Hitler, to control the Semites and to trim their age supports the incredible responsibility of his legislature to decrease the number of inhabitants in Jewish kids. As youngsters were seen as the propagative ages, they were a need focus when the Germans felt that Jews were double crossers and didn't have the right to exist in the nation. From this point of view, the Holocaust was a period languishing over Children, which had both prompt impacts and negative results long after the war. Before the Second World War, the German government had sent various signs that Jews would be the following survivor of fear under the absolutist administration of Hitler. The Germany government communicated elevated level of disappointment with the Jews, who were seen as tricksters during the time of the war. While there was a desire that the Jews would have fallen casualty of Hitler power misuse, it was not foreseen that such a negative trial would come to pass for youngsters as it unfolded when the war started. Insights show that over 1.5 million kids were executed during the holocaust, of which 1.2 million were from the Jewish people group (Sterling 212). The rest included the Gypsy and German kids who were seen to have mental imperfections. The German government focused on kids as one of the methods of rebuffing the Jews. Moreover, the administration had a thought process to evade the ubiquity of Jews that was developing because of their populace increment. Since kids spoke to th e coherence of the Jewish age, they were the fundamental objective to control populace increment and to stop the traitorous, as they put it, age. At the night before the war, youngsters were isolated from their folks mightily and they no longer had the ability to hang on their privileges of keeping their kids. The legislature focused on the Jewish settlement territories and slaughtered larger part of the populace while shipping others to the

Hits from the 90s

Hits from the ‘90s I, like most college students, have a Facebook account. Actually, for that matter, I have an account for just about everything, but by no means use all of them. Theyre just good to have in case of an emergency. Thats right, I have a Twitter account, but I DONT USE IT, SO STOP FOLLOWING ME! Honestly, Im amazed, I have tweeted exactly 10 times in over a year and I have 30 followers. Im not that interesting, honestly, and I dont use twitter. Facebook, I do use, as many of you have discovered. I get about 2-3 friend requests per week from prefrosh. To this date, I have accepted absolutely zero of them. Shock, I know, one of the faces of the MIT Admissions office turning away potential applicants, shutting the door in their face and potentially prompting them to not apply to MIT. The truth of the matter is, if I havent met you, Im not your friend. I dont want you seeing all of my friends, I dont want you being able to see lots of pictures of me, I dont want you knowing where I live, what my phone number is, where Ive worked, what my relationship status, and other little details of my life. Ill tell you things I want you to know in my blog, but other than that, Im sorry I wont be able to accept your friend requests. If you attend MIT, I meet you, and we are friends, we can be friends on Facebook, but otherwise, unless Ive met you and we are friends, we will not be Facebook friends. I consider Facebook friends real friends, not just a list of the people I know. Sorry for being blunt, I dont really see the need to sugar-coat any of this. If this is your first time to the blogs, Im sorry, I hope this doesnt create a negative first impression, Im just trying to protect my privacy. People can be pretty straightforward when it comes to privacy. But, since many of you will never be my friend on Facebook, and theres obviously some desire to be so, based on the constant friend requests, I will share my Facebook profile with you as it stands today. It will be a snapshot of me that you can see. Pick apart my life the best you can from this, itll probably be the last time you see it (unless you get accepted to MIT and we become friends). Left Sidebar Main Profile

Essay about Drug Legalization - 1209 Words

Drug Legalization Strong drug enforcement in the United States is correlated with the reduction in crime , drug use, and drug addiction growth rates. The impact on tougher drug sanctions has been overshadowed by a myth that U.S. drug enforcement has become too lenient. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;This myth has been promoted by the multi-million dollar pro-drug legalization lobby, civil libertarians, and misguided academic researchers to the public with limited review and challenge. Attacks on drug enforcement efforts often hold law enforcement to impossible and changing performance standards. Law enforcement , treatment , and prevention complement each other. None of the credit for the twelve year decline in drug use among our†¦show more content†¦Legalization may lessen the violence surrounding drug dealing , but the real problem is violence resulting from drug use, and this must be addressed with strong law enforcement , substance abuse treatment, prevention and a commitment to change. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Anyone who uses marijuana and thinks that quot;potquot; is not harmful is fooling themselves. The active ingredient THC , is addictive , and users can get just as addicted as they can with nicotine ( cigarettes and chewing tobacco) or alcohol or cocaine. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Any tax revenue collected resulting from legalization would be minimal compared to the social cost of addiction. Legalization would create even more clients for an already overburdened treatment system, and at a much higher cost. Treatment is only a part of the price that we pay, we will also be paying for the marijuana users increased health problems, reduced productivity , injuries from auto accidents , and crime. The overwhelming media impact on drug legalization is scary when you think of the impact on young people. Marijuana is the most widely used illicit drug in the United States. The good news is that marijuana use is down slightly according to some recent surveys. We must send messages to society especially the teen-age members that it is not all right to get quot; highquot;, getting high is not a message that stresses healthy relaxation and coping with problemsShow MoreRelatedThe Legalization Of Drug Legalization1310 Words   |  6 Pages Drug decriminalization is opposed by the majority of Americans. Leaders in drug prevention, education, treatment, and law enforcement are against it, as are many political leaders. However, pro-drug advocacy groups, who support the use of drugs, are making headl ines. They are influencing legislation and having a significant impact on the national policy debate in the United States. Although, pro-advocacy groups claim decriminalization of drugs will lower incarceration rates and boost the economyRead MoreDrug Legalization1579 Words   |  7 Pagesget their drug, being able to get drugs for which they re sure of the quality. Isn t it a gateway drug to harder substances? The effect of criminalization is to drive people from mild drugs to strong drugs... Crack would never have existed in my opinion if you had not had drug prohibition. It was drug prohibition- why was crack created? Because cocaine was so expensive. [Cocaine was so expensive  because of drug prohibition.] But what about the morality of legalization? It sRead More Drug Legalization Essay1115 Words   |  5 PagesDrug Legalization Drug legalization has become a great issue among Americans for many years, and there have also been those that try to stop that legalization. The article, â€Å"Legalizing Drugs is Not the Solution† by Gerald W. Lynch, has a good argument based on facts and incidents that have occurred from drug use. In this article a person thinks twice about what they are really doing when they use drugs, and it is clear as to why legalizing drugs would not be a logical solution As spokenRead MoreThe Legalization Of Drugs Should Be Legal984 Words   |  4 Pages The legalization of drugs has been an issue in society for quite a long time. People who are for and against the legalization of drugs can be very opinionated in their beliefs. Often times, some of these people on both sides of the argument can even be considered extremists. These disagreements vary quite a bit across the spectrum. Milton Friedman, someone who is for the legalization of drugs, argues that A user must associate with criminals to [sic] get the drugs, and many are driven to becomeRead MoreThe Legalization Of All Drugs1588 Words   |  7 PagesThe legalization of all drugs considered illegal in the United States today would do more than any other act to eradicate current social and political problems. Though many would naturally think otherwise, legalizing drugs like marijuana, ecstasy, meth, cocaine, heroin, mushrooms, LSD, and DMT would cripple organized crime, majorly reduce death and injury from drug use, unclog the court system, and make these drugs much safer to use. Contrary to popular belief, the legalization of all drugs wouldRead MoreThe Legalization Of Hard Drugs1036 Words   |  5 PagesCase for the Legalization of Hard Drugs in the U.S. The issue of drug abuse is a sad reality in every community, and drug prohibition is present across the globe. Whether it is under the guise of protection of family values, or public safety, prohibition disrupts more than it maintains. Many people view drugs as a problem but they can also be viewed as a problem solver. This essay will address the socioeconomic issues with prohibition of hard drugs, and argue for their legalization. ProhibitionRead MoreDiscussing Drug Legalization1821 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"Drugs are bad, mkay.† That’s what we’ve come to learn from Mr. Mackey in South Park (Ike’s Wee Wee). While that is known, what is the best way to combat drug use in society today? It is true the government is spending billions of dollars on the â€Å"War on Drugs,† but if they were to be legalized would that be replaced with money being spent on healthcare due to drug related incidents, or drug treatment programs? It is true that a large amount of crime and the prison population are drug related offendersRead More Drug Legalization Essay957 Words   |  4 PagesDrug Legalization Drug abuse has progressively, over the last thirty years, become a tool for crime organizations and bureaucracies, independent and under the control of the federal government, used to transform drug addiction into a profit through the passage of countless laws against drug abuse. Gore Vidals assertive essay communicated his belief that drug addiction should be legalized in order to ensure the eventual well-being and individual freedom guaranteed to Americans by the constitutionRead MoreAgainst The Legalization Of Drugs1671 Words   |  7 PagesAgainst the Legalization of Drugs Legalization of drugs is an increasingly hot topic in today’s society. It is one of that needs vast advancements in research and treatment for addicts to prevent the moral and legal obligations, as well as the severe health ramifications that come along with addiction of these powerful drugs. To legalize drugs would be detrimental to the family unit as well as our youth and have serious health consequences at an alarming rate. James Q. Wilson, author of, â€Å"AgainstRead MoreThe Legalization Of Recreational Drugs1807 Words   |  8 Pages2013 there was over a hundred thousand drug related crimes recorded in Canada. Some countries around the world, such as the Netherlands, have loosened their restrictions on recreational drug use in an attempt to lower crime rates in their nation. The current law in Canada strictly prohibits the use and distribution of all recreational drugs. Many people, however, question if this is the best way to regulate drugs. Some would argue that legalizing drugs would create an economic opportunity for

Baseball The Rise And Ruin Of A Black Institution Essay

Baseball, America’s so-called national pastime, has a history that closely mirrors the country’s own. Specifically, for most of the first half of the twentieth century, white and black Americans played in entirely separate leagues like much of the heavily segregated society at the time. White owners and general managers would simply not allow black ballplayers on their teams, regardless of their skill level. While whites had organized baseball, a rigid professional system complete with minor leagues and farming system, blacks had their own all-black leagues. The history of these leagues is fairly complicated and follows a story-like arc with successes and failures. In Negro League Baseball: The Rise and Ruin of a Black Institution, historian Neil Lanctot explores the Negro baseball leagues beginning in the 1920s until their eventual collapse in the 1960s. Exceedingly well researched, Lanctot’s book probes the sport’s racial history on an almost season-by-s eason timeline and carefully shows what led to the league’s eventual demise. Between 1933 and about the end of the second World War, black baseball evolved from just another failing Depression-era industry to an incredibly successful league complete with interesting storylines, characters, and controversies. The Negro league collapse began slowly as the United States returned home from war. As the general society became more comfortable with the idea of integration, the Negro leagues met its conqueror — a slow but steadyShow MoreRelatedNegro League Baseball Research Paper2341 Words   |  10 PagesNegro League Baseball When the topic of baseball comes up in a conversation, what do you think of? The field, a bat, the ball, or amazing plays, crucial games, and game winning performances. What about American history? Does World War II come to mind; most likely not. According to an article called â€Å"Food for Thought: Baseball and American History,† John P. Rossi quotes Jacques Barzun saying, â€Å"Whoever wants to know the heart and mind of America had better learn baseball.† Negro League Baseball can be usedRead MoreEssay on African American Athlete: Their Role in American Culture3741 Words   |  15 PagesSports played and continue to play a pivotal role in American history and culture. Baseball provided an escape from the stress and frustration of WWII, a beacon of light during hard times and later helped influence integration. Athletes became symbols of what being a true American meant and many sports enhanced American culture. One of the most prolific changes sports brought to our society was the beginning of racial equality on the field. It encouraged and aided the fledgling equal rights movementRead MoreEssay on Life in Southern Mill Villages, 1900s2647 Words   |  11 PagesBut most importantly for this paper, are his accounts of people in the mill villages and textile factories in rural America. Through some of his pictures, we will explore life in southern mill villages in the nineteen hundreds. Before the rise of industrialization, wives and mothers made clothing at home. Women would spin their own yarn and make their families’ clothing (Glass). For a small income these women would sometimes produce a product for a company out of their homes. These â€Å"cottageRead MoreAmerican Slang Essay 115481 Words   |  62 Pagessources of slang, some of which is reflected in early detective fiction by such writers as Wilkie Collins and Agatha Christie. In the twentieth century, the development of slang has paralleled the rise of dominant cultural movements throughout the decades. The 1920s left its mark with jazz and the rise of the machine, creating such terms as flapper - â€Å"a female dancer in a short skirt† and percolate - â€Å"to run smoothly†. The 1940s was the decade of the military with such coinages as pea-shooter, fromRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesMeyerowitz, ed., History and September 11th John McMillian and Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left Revisited David M. Scobey, Empire City: The Making and Meaning of the New York City Landscape Gerda Lerner, Fireweed: A Political Autobiography Allida M. Black, ed., Modern American Queer History Eric Sandweiss, St. Louis: The Evolution of an American Urban Landscape Sam Wineburg, Historical Thinking and Other Unnatural Acts: Charting the Future of Teaching the Past Sharon Hartman Strom, Political Woman:Read MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 PagesIn many situations, the best thinking requires taking shortcuts--making quick guesses or relying on a trusted friend to make the decision for you. Logical reasoners need to be flexible thinkers. For example, in a situation where youre playing baseball and a friend yells Duck! it is illogical to spend much time searching around for good reasons. The logical thing to do is to duck down immediately. Nevertheless, even in this situation you didnt duck without a good reason. You know from previousRead MoreW1 Active Adj14109 Words   |  57 Pagesn S2, W2 backwards adv S3 bacon n S3 bad adj S1, W1 badly adv S3, W3 bag n S1, W2 bake v S3 balance n S2, W2 balance v S3 ball n S1, W2 ban n W3 band n S2, W2 bang v S3 bang n S3 bank n S1, W1 bar n S1, W1 barrier n W3 base v S1, W1 base n S2, W2 baseball n S3, W2 basic adj S2, W1 basically adv S1 basis n S2, W1 basket n S3 bat n S3 bath n S2, W3 bathroom n S2, W3 battery n S2 battle n W2 be auxiliary S1, W1 be v S1, W1 beach n S2, W2 bean n S2 bear v S2, W2 beard n S3 beat v S2, W2 beat n S3 beautifulRead MoreDamodaran Book on Investment Valuation, 2nd Edition398423 Words   |  1594 Pagesvaluations, but it is not necessarily so. As models become more complex, the number of inputs needed to value a firm increases, bringing with it the potential for input errors. These problems are compounded when models become so complex that they become ‘black boxesâ€⠄¢ where analysts feed in numbers into one end and valuations emerge from the other. All too often the blame gets attached to the model rather than the analyst when a valuation fails. The refrain becomes â€Å"It was not my fault. The model did it.†Read MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 Pages1930s TO 1950s In the 1930s, the passage of several major labor laws, such as the National Labor Relations Act of 1935, led to the growth of unions. The importance of collective bargaining and union/management relations following the labor unions’ rise to power in the 1940s and 1950s expanded the responsibilities of the personnel area in many organizations, especially those in manufacturing, utilities, and transportation. Such work as keeping payroll and retirement records, arranging stockholderRead MoreOcd - Symptoms, Causes, Treatment131367 Words   |  526 Pagespermission to reproduce the appendices of this book. This license is limited to you, the indivi dual purchaser, for use with your own clients and patients. It does not extend to additional clinicians or practice settings, nor does purchase by an institution constitute a site license. This license does not grant the right to reproduce these materials for resale, redistribution, or any other purposes (including but not limited to books, pamphlets, articles, video- or audiotapes, and handouts of slides

Sun Tzu Free Essays

OD 13-00706Mar13 SUBJECT: Book Report on Sun Tzu The Art of War and its Pertinence to Combat Sun Tzu was a Chinese military general, strategist, and philosopher from the Zhou Dynasty. He was believed to have lived somewhere in the time period of the Warring States from 476-221 BC. Scholars believe he is the author of The Art of War, an extremely influential ancient Chinese book on military strategy. We will write a custom essay sample on Sun Tzu or any similar topic only for you Order Now Other scholars however, believe that Sun Tzu was in fact a combination of different generals and tacticians and that The Art of War was a collection of their combined efforts and wisdom. The Art of War was discovered in the 8th century in Japan where it was released to the masses and saw an explosion in popularity during the 20th century. Prior to that, it was a collection kept under secrecy allowed only to the reigning emperor. The entire work is the foundation for military tactics today. There are three key principles developed by Sun Tzu, know your enemy and know yourself and in 100 battles you will never be in peril. To win 100 battles is not the height of skill, to subdue the enemy without fighting is. Avoid what is strong and attack what is week. Utilizing these three key principles, Sun Tzu focused on achieving his goal with the minimal amount of casualties and resources. In his book, Sun Tzu teaches â€Å"winning without conflict. † Conflict is expensive and the cost is ultimately burdened by the people of the states. Beating opponents and winning battles may satisfy the ego, but Sun Tzu considers that goal a foolish one. This belief can be seen through every war that American has been engaged in and the cost it has taken monetarily as well as emotionally on the people. In every conflict that America has been engaged in, tactics and teachings of Sun Tzu were either utilized by American forces, or against American forces. During the Vietnam war, General Vo Nguyen Giap, the military mastermind behind victories over American forces in Vietnam, was an avid student and practitioner of Sun Tzu’s ideas. General Giap understands Sun Tzu’s teachings of indirect attacks to confuse and utilizes insurgents to stage hit and run attacks against the Americans. This is similar to Sun Tzu invasion of Chu, where he would attack weaker outposts drawing the main forces to that area. When the main forces arrived, Sun Tzu was already gone attacking the next weak outpost causing his enemies military to constantly stay on the move and grow tired and weaker. As Sun Tzu says, it is more important to outthink your enemy than to outfight him. Looking at Sun Tzu’s teaching, you can see that he predicted the loss of the Vietnam War by the U. S as well as the victory of WWII. As Sun Tzu states, in war numbers alone confer no advantage, do not advance relying on sheer military power. This tactic was utilized heavily by the United States in Vietnam and they learned that despite their overwhelming military might, they cannot win this war. General Giap takes Sun Tzu’s teaching of know your enemy and know yourself and in 100 battles you will know no peril, and learns the habits of the Americans. He comes to realize that the Americans are incredibly predictable; they prepare all landing zones by blanketing the area with artillery strikes and then bring in the troops. General Giap has his soldiers lying in wait after the artillery rounds land and ambushes the incoming American soldiers. Through knowing his enemy General Giap utilizes Sun Tzu’s teaching of indirect attack, attack the weak points avoid the strong points, and through this the CIA comes to realize that roughly 80% of the conflicts occur due to the Vietcong choosing to engage. The Vietnamese chose whether they wanted to engage American soldiers due to the utilizing and understanding of these key principles of Sun Tzu. General Giap shows his understanding of Sun Tzu no better than the Tet offensive. Sun Tzu states, let you plans be as dark and night then strike like a thunderbolt. This is portrayed perfectly by the Vietnamese when they attack roughly 100 targets at once during the Tet holiday in Vietnam. General Giap receives orders from his superiors to conduct a full frontal assault on American forces. Realizing this is suicide he instead coordinates a massive multipronged simultaneous attack on a hundred different locations on 31January1968. The Tet offensive was prepared in total secrecy and utilized to the fullest one of Sun Tzu’s favorite tactics, the spy. Sun Tzu states that if you discover an enemy has spy’s within your ranks, to offer him luxury and monetary incentives to turn against his country and serve you. He also emphasizes utilizing a spy to properly disseminate false information to mislead your enemy into thinking you will attack one area when you are truly attacking another. One week prior to the Tet offensive, the Vietnamese attack Khe San, one of the marine outposts. This was a distraction to draw as many troops away from the other posts prior to the Tet holiday. This onslaught progressed for days, at one point the President of the United States made the generals of each branch sign a letter stating they would not lose Khe San. This was all going according to plan for General Giap, know your enemy’s weakness, let your plans be as dark as night, utilize indirect attacks, have spies plant misinformation, and it is more important to outthink your enemy. All of these Sun Tzu teachings come together for the main operation on 31January1968, simultaneously Vietnamese troop’s assault over 100 American military positions taking them all. It is the most successful attack done by the North Vietnamese. AS Sun Tzu states, use a direct attack to engage and an indirect attack to win. Sun Tzu’s The Art of War, depicts to the reader the foundation for any successful military engagement. General Giap utilized these principles to their fullest during Vietnam to the detriment of the United States and other allied countries. If you look at all wars, past and present you will see that those who follow his teachings are victorious, while those who do not are doomed to fail. By following Sun Tzu’s three key principles of know your enemy and know yourself, and in 100 battles you will never be in peril, to win 100 battles is not the height of skill, to subdue the enemy without fighting is, and avoid what is strong and attack what is week, your military will never know defeat. LAURANCE KENNY 2LT, OD References: Sunzi, Ralph D. Sawyer, Mei-chu? n Sawyer, and Bin Sun. The Complete Art of War. Boulder, CO: Westview, 1996. Print. Sun Tzu. The Art of War. Tokyo: Project Gutenburg, 1910. Sun Tzu/ Lionel Giles. The Art of War: Sun Tzu. London: Pax Librorium, 1905. How to cite Sun Tzu, Papers

The Adam Smith Laissez-Faire Theory Essay Example

The Adam Smith Laissez-Faire Theory Paper In the modern world, countries like Canada and the United States tend to move from the left wing to the right wing. Is this a good thing? Adam Smiths laissez-faire theory, The Invisible Hand, explains the fact that the selfish of all individuals of a society ultimately combine to benefit all of society. People in private enterprise countries have stronger sufficiency and individual initiative, and societies have higher productivity. Alberta government is introducing Bill 11, which is based on Canada Health Act. This bill is supposed to privatize the heath care system. It would allow for-profit clinics to do minor surgeries and keep patients for extended overnight stays. It will increase our economy because the government can now use the money that is saved from it to pay their debts and for international investments. Albertas health care funds have been numerous. They were abused on healing people who caused drunk and drive accidents, people who smoke too much, and people who do drugs. These people do not deserve any free health care. They should be responsible for themselves and pay for their own health care fees. We will write a custom essay sample on The Adam Smith Laissez-Faire Theory specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Adam Smith Laissez-Faire Theory specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Adam Smith Laissez-Faire Theory specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Many people say that private for-profit health care is less efficient and more expensive than public health care. Private health care would cause people who cannot function in such a competitive environment to suffer. But think about the benefit we will have for the majority people. Isnt majority rules the main theory in democratic countries? Expanding private health care is the only way to cut costs and reduce waiting lists in a public system that has been stretched to the limits by federal funding cuts. A private enterprise economy creates a competitive environment. People work harder and are more initiative and productive. Lets take computer as an example. In the old day, high-tech computers were only used in military. Computers controlled all kinds of nuclear weapons, missiles, and space stations. But ever since the free market economy was introduced, computer production grew rapidly. Company like IBM, Intel and Apple were the very first that came up with commercial and home computers. They produced millions of chips every year and the technology they are using is getting better and better. The quality and speed of a computer grow at least 2 times a year. Now different companies also produce different parts of computers. A computer is no longer made by a single company. This creates great competition and great productivity. Any ordinary home computers you can see now are all a hundred times better than the computers that were used on the space satellites before. China, the country with largest population in the world, now happens to be a backward country. Ever since communism was introduced in China, it has been fallen behind in the world’s economy. China believes public enterprise will eventually be the best economic system. But in fact, Chinese people, who are known as hard working, has become lazy and lost their productive sense. The Chinese government controls everything, even the human rights. Comparing China to its near-by democratic and free market country (also known as their cross-sea province) Taiwan, which started economic reform just at the same time China did. Taiwan is now producing US$ 12,333 per capita GNP while China is only producing US$ 738 per capita GNP. Just think about that Taiwan is a very small Island that only has 22 million people in it and it is producing higher GNP than that of the huge China. Comparison of China and Taiwan is unique because they are both Chinese but have opposite political and economic system. As statistics shown, Taiwan has become a much more successful country than China in economic growth. Private enterprise economic system allows small business. Microsoft, the biggest computer Software Company in the world was also built from the ground up. Bill Gate, the guy who created Microsoft, started the business when he was still a university student. He believed he would make an effort and changes in the computer world. So he dropped out of school and formed a small company. As we all can see that this small company now makes the most revenue than any other big corporations in the world. This means that people like you and me all have a chance to make a difference in our lives. The American government is now against that Microsoft has been illegally wielded monopoly power. But in fact, the company is also facing rival operating systems such as Linux and BeOS. The company admitted that at present the rivals were not viable alternatives to Microsoft, but the software market could be very different in one or two years. If the private enterprise economy were not introduced, we would not be able to have the technology we have now because when the government controls everything, no one would be productive and initiative. If there were not a company like Microsoft, we would not be able to have amazing multimedia computers now. Microsofts productivity proves that the free market system is the best for a countrys economy. Thus when choosing to restructure a countrys economy, it is the best for a government to use private enterprise. It helps a government to reduce social costs and it encourages its citizen to be more initiative. The problems that face many economies today such as rising of national debts can best be met by restructuring economies using private enterprise.

The Great Depression Essays - U.S. Route 66, Dust Bowl, Great Plains

The Great Depression Essays - U.S. Route 66, Dust Bowl, Great Plains The Great Depression Though most Americans are aware of the Great Depression of 1929, which may well be "the most serious problem facing our free enterprise economic system", few know of the many Americans who lost their homes, life savings and jobs. This paper briefly states the causes of the depression and summarizes the vast problems Americans faced during the eleven years of its span. This paper primarily focuses on what life was like for farmers during the time of the Depression, as portrayed in John Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath, and tells what the government did to end the Depression. In the 1920's, after World War 1, danger signals were apparent that a great Depression was coming. A major cause of the Depression was that the pay of workers did not increase at all. Because of this, they couldn't afford manufactured goods. While the factories were still manufacturing goods, Americans weren't able to afford them and the factories made no money (Drewry and O'connor 559). Another major cause related to farmers. Farmers weren't doing to well because they were producing more crops and farm products than could be sold at high prices. Therefore, they made a very small profit. This insufficient profit wouldn't allow the farmers to purchase new machinery and because of this they couldn't produce goods quick enough (Drewry and O'connor 559). A new plan was created called the installment plan. This plan was established because many Americans didn't have enough money to buy goods and services that were needed or wanted. The installment plan stated that people could buy products on credit and make monthly payments. The one major problem with this idea was that people soon found out that they couldn't afford to make the monthly payment(Drewry and O'connor 559). In 1929 the stock market crashed. Many Americans purchased stocks because they were certain of the economy. People started selling their stocks at a fast pace; over sixteen million stocks were sold! Numerous stock prices dropped to fraction of their value. Banks lost money from the stock market and from Americans who couldn't pay back loans. Many factories lost money and went out of business because of this great tragedy (Drewry and O'connor By the 1930's, thirteen million workers lost their jobs which is 25 percent of all workers. The blacks and unskilled workers were always the first to be fired. Farmers had no money and weren't capable of paying their mortgages. Americans traveled throughout the country looking for a place to work to support themselves and their family (Drewry and O'connor 560-561). John Steinbeck, born in 1902, grew up during the Depression near the fertile Salinas Valley and wrote many books of fiction based on his background and experiences during that time and area of the country. One of his great works would be the Grapes of Wrath In this book, Steinbeck describes the farmers plight during the Great Depression and drought. When the rains failed to come, the grass began to disappear. As the farmers watched their plants turn brown and the dirt slowly turn to dust they began to fear what was to come. In the water-cut gullies the earth dusted down in dry little streams. As the sharp sun struck day after day, the leaves of the young corn became less stiff and erect; then it was June and the sun shone more fiercely. The brown lines on the corn leaves widened and moved in on the central ribs. The weeds frayed and edged back toward their roots. The air was thin and the sky more pale; and every day the earth paled. (qtd. Steinbeck 2-3). The farmers worst fears were realized when their corn and other crops began to die. The dust became so bad they had to cover their mouths with handkerchiefs so they could breath (Steinbeck 3- When the drought hit the Great Plains and the soil turned to dust, many farmers moved to California because they could no longer farm their land(Drewry and O'Connor 561). The drought began to affect other parts of the country. In 1930, Virginia's belt of fertile land dried up. Ponds, streams, and springs all dried up and the great Mississippi River water level

Building Your Email List Part 2 How to Keep Your Readers Engaged

Building Your Email List Part 2 How to Keep Your Readers Engaged Last week I gave you tips for setting up your email list, whether starting from scratch or dusting off an old one. This week we’ll talk more about what to do with that list and how to create content that will keep your readers engaged. First, if you didn’t do it last week, sign up with an email management system (EMS). (I have used   MailChimp, Constant Contact and MyEmma and recommend all three.   Hope Clark uses Aweber.) Besides managing the data, they help you comply with privacy laws Next, you need to decide, and share with your list, how often you’ll be communicating. The two big factors in determining frequency are your audience and your ability to create material. A fiction author may want to have once-a-month check-ins, while a non-fiction author may easily fill a weekly newsletter. For more frequent schedules, offer your audience the option of a â€Å"Digest Version† - once a week for daily emails, once a month for weekly. You’d much rather send them less than have them unsubscribe entirely. Exceptions to the schedule: If you have something big and exciting to share and it’s out of cycle, that’s fine, as long as these random mailings don’t become the norm. If it’s timely, send a special email. If it’s going to be just as cool when it’s time for your next email, hold on to it. probably read it. A short, hyperlinked list of blogs you’ve written recently with a summary no longer than a tweet (140 characters) is okay to draw attention to anything they may have missed. Draft your newsletter in whatever word processor you chose, then copy and paste the text into your Email Management System. Once you’ve found a layout template you like, stick to it. It’ll make formatting future emails much faster, and readers like a familiar feel. Also, try to avoid writing/formatting and sending all in one day. You’re much more likely to catch mistakes if you let the material sit for a day or two between draft and distribution. Things to consider while writing and formatting: Write a greeting and ending (it is a newsLETTER, after all.) Keep blocks of text short and to the point. Lists (bulleted or numbered) make scanning easier. Make use of formatting (bold, italics, underlining) only as appropriate. Use proper grammar/spelling/etc. and have at least one proofreader. This may seem hard for the first couple of weeks or months, but eventually you develop a rhythm. When you provide engaging content on a regular basis, your fans sh

Roles Played by Financial Institutions in an Economy Essay

Roles Played by Financial Institutions in an Economy - Essay Example Financial Institutions play a very important role in the economy by the provision of various financial instruments (Frank, 2003). Different types of Financial Institutions provide different services to its members or clients. For example, Banks provide such services as mortgages, loans, and credit cards while on the other hand a financial institution such as Insurance Firms provide services such as insurance services, securities and buying and selling services of real estate. These financial institutions, however, interconnect with one another to provide different roles in the economy. Some of the major roles of Financial Institutions are discussed in this essay as follows. The first major role of financial institutions in the economy is that the financial institutions motivate the financial sector of the economy. Financial institutions such as banks in most cases will use the resources that they own to benefit themselves (Sera, 2005). They will use these resources to make profits for themselves and for their own growth. This is however helpful to the economy of a country as there will be an increase in the business of investing when these financial institutions grow. This because there will be a boost in the financial instruments such as an increase in the number of loans that a bank can give to an individual or to other companies. With the growth of these financial institutions, the financial sector of the economy becomes motivated and the economy of the country is strengthened. The second role of the financial institutions in the economy is that the financial institutions will introduce and develop Niche strategies.  

Motivation for Crusades Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Motivation for Crusades - Essay Example The Moslems themselves kept the routes open to Christians, and the Byzantine Empire safe, until 1071, when Seljuk Turks took the lands, and persecuted Christians on the way. Lost land, religious conflict, and internal pressures were the background to Western Europe's initiation of the Crusades. R.W. Southern notes that "The worsening position of the Eastern Empire, and the genuine desire of some to save it: the even more potent though secret desire of others to profit by its disintegration; the dim realization that Islam constituted athreat to Christendomsome hoped to be saved by going; others didn't care if they were damned so long as they found new fields for profit and adventure. There was something in the Crusades to appeal to everyone." (Southern, 56) The crusades were, as Riley-Smith states "A holy war fought against those perceived to be external or internal foes of Christendom for the recovery of Christian property or in defence of the church or Christian people" (Riley-Smith, 1987, xxviii). This was certainly the overt motivation for the first Crusade, as initiated by Pope Urban II in November of 1095. This Crusade had a peculiar beginning, and Riley-Smith has made extensive note of this: "Few nobles turned up, and the theatre must have been riskyeven so, his appeal for knights to liberate Jerusalem struck a chord in western society" (Riley Smith, 1995). Urban openly declared "'Dieu le veult' - 'God wills it!'" (Bishop, 105); for many hearing the religious leader of the Western World declaring God's Will, the Crusades must have seemed to be a religious duty. In considering why this speech made such an impression, it should not be forgotten that the majority of Western Europe was, by this time, Christian in name at the very le ast. Europeans had been making the arduous pilgrimage to Jerusalem for decades, and in some ways the early Crusades might be considered another form of pilgrimage. Personal penance and justification by faith were still quite strong issues of faith, and would remain so until at least the mid-fourteenth century (Flagellants during the Black Death being one example of this). Being a Crusader, not only fighting for Christ but also traveling to the Holy Land to do so, was therefore a religious duty, atonement for sin, and a Holy Quest, similar to that being written about in Early Medieval romances. In fact, it seems as though Urban did not intend to have such a dramatic effect upon the nobles of Europe: the impression is that "The pop was taken aback by the success of his proposal. No plan had been made for the prosecution of the crusade" (Bishop, 106). The organization of the First Crusade was rather like a mopping-up exercise, after the disastrous People's Crusade in 1096. Poor people such as this marched under their own steam to free Jerusalem, and rather than the idealism of the nobility, their motivations appear to be genuine religious concern for the Holy Land. It should be clear, therefore, that the overt motivation, religion, was also an emotional force for many of the participants in the first Crusades, Kings and princes, such as Richard I of England, who were not struggling to maintain a fief, were probably

Global strategy of computer manufacturers and the digital divide

Global strategy of computer manufacturers and the digital divide Introduction The computer industry had not existed before the Second World War, but today it will be difficult to imagine an office without a personal computer (Dedrick, 1998, 4). Over the years, the continuing changes in computing and information technology (IT) have confounded expectations and challenged the traditional concept of competition. Improvements in performance and capabilities of computer-related technologies have been dramatic to say the least and prices have declined substantially over the years. Public and private sector research on computer-related technologies is considered as being critical for advancement and multinational corporations from the United States of America have created a massive production network to cater for global demand. However, ongoing competition, changes in the market for computers and computer-related technologies together with changes in technology keep computer manufacturers on their toes. Yet, despite the advances in computer-related technologies, imp rovements in global standards of living and declining prices of the previously mentioned technologies, exclusion or a lack of access to computers and computer-related technologies continues to present a threat to the establishment of information societies in many countries in the developed and the developing world (Ferro, 2010, Chapter 1). Access to Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) is important for effective participation in the twenty-first century (Ferro, 2010, Chapter 1). Without access to the ICT, it is impossible to tap into the knowledge and information available on the World Wide Web and the ability to communicate with others becomes restricted. Computers are not only needed for a wide variety of tasks that are now considered as being a part of life, such as word processing or quantitative manipulation, these tools are also useful for sophisticated modelling and simulation for business and a wide variety of other fields of human endeavour. Skills in computing are essential for employment that is better than the mediocre and without ICT lifelong learning is likely to remain a dream. Thus, those without access to computers lose out and find it difficult to progress materially or intellectually. Communities without access to the ICT find that they are cut off from the world, and that they can do lit tle to improve their lot and that of those who are a part of them. Those who can develop websites to present their business messages find that they do have access to a global market, even if they must compete with their products and ideas. Although the capacity of an individual or a community to afford ICT, including personal computers and the Internet access hardware and infrastructure that enable computers to communicate is a factor that contributes to digital divide, this is not by any means the only one (Ferro, 2010, 8 10) and (Partridge, 2007, iv). In addition, the digital divide is not a phenomenon that only afflicts the underdeveloped world. However, computer manufacturers can play a role in helping individuals and communities have better access to the ICT and their global strategy does make a difference. Clearly, the computer industry and manufacturers together with many millions around the world will benefit if many more pieces of ICT equipment are made available to users. However, global manufacturing, markets, innovation and developments in technology together with a concern for profits influence the global strategy of multinationals and other manufacturers of ICT. Thus, it makes sense to try to understand better perspectives related to digital divide and global manufacturing strategy of computer manufacturers. A literature review for global strategy of computer manufacturers and digital divide will be of interest to anyone who has an interest in technology, computing, multinationals, development and the ICT. It is with the previously mentioned considerations in mind that a literature review for the topic of discussion is attempted. Literature Review IBM had played a unique role in the evolution of the computer industry in the United States of America from the 1950s to the 1990s by being both a path definer and a protagonist which integrated electronics technology with its punched-card tabulators to capture most of the worlds computer market in 1954 (Chandler, 2001, 245 250). Later, this firm was to develop the System 360 after very substantial investments in research to create formidable barriers to entry into the computer industry which were only challenged by Japan at a later stage. United States of America continued to dominate the computer markets when Intel released its first microprocessor and Microsoft developed an operating system for the first personal computer. Because all personal computers had to use the Intel microprocessor and the Microsoft operating system, a superb competitive advantage was created for the previously mentioned firms and their home country, the United States of America. This competitive advantage was pushed further by other firms including Sun Microsystems, Texas Instruments, Silicon Graphics, Motorola and Compaq, which developed the first laptop computer. Thus, even today, relatively few firms control computer technology and its ongoing development resulting in a situation that is close to being oligopolistic. According to Johnson (2005, Chapter 2), a need for capturing more income and global markets prompted players in United States computer industry to try to capture overseas markets, but many other nations were only able to purchase readymade or assembled products. The very large investments required to develop computer technology, together with what was required in the form of skills meant that only Japan could present a challenge to the United States computer industry. Constant innovation and improvements in design and technology presented serious problems for those wanting to catch up. Proliferation of new ICT technology was only gradual even in the United States of America, because knowledge of core technology was lacking and licensing, external research contracts, hiring of former skilled employees and alliances or joint ventures only resulted in a gradual transfer of the core technologies (Viardot, 2004, 58 64). However, after core technologies had gradually proliferated, further innovation and improvement determined market leadership. Those that were committed to developing state-of-the-art technology and helping customers to apply it to solve their problems were more successful, but when technology evolved and the nature of customers problems changed, the firm had to change too (Viardot, 2004, xiii). Viardot (2004, Chapter 1) goes further to suggest that high-tech products have a short life-cycle and use sophisticated core technologies that are difficult to copy. Moors Law for integrated circuits suggests that markedly superior integrated circuits, including microprocessors or memory chips, are likely to become available every eighteen month or so. Thus, after developing a high-tech product, the firm must rapidly bring it out to market and sell it to recoup its research and development expenses and the investments made in manufacturing operations. In addition, uncertainty about the direction of evolution of new technology and a need for upgrading product models requires that funds are made available for further research, development and innovation. Thus, the pricing strategy for a high-tech product requires that the sales margins provide for manufacturing costs, distribution costs, channel costs, innovation costs and costs for bringing out new models and for retooling as well as reserves for a competitor response, etc. This clearly means that, unless markets guarantee that products will sell well, the price will remain high (Jain, 1999, Chapter 15). Economies of scale operates when a high-tech manufacturing firm is assured that it can recoup its costs or when a enough units had been sold to provide for development costs. Clearly, high tech innovators and manufacturers cannot supply ICT free to everyone because this will not make economic sense (Keyes, 2010, 59 73). In addition, fundamental business values and capitalism cannot permit everyone around the world to be taught how to design an integrated circuit and be provided all the sophisticated equipment required for integrated circuit fabrication or research. Wages for those working with high-technology in developed countries are far higher than in other countries, even though the laws of supply and demand do dictate what is possible to be asked for a high-tech ICT product. Dedrick (1998, 50 55) states that it was the invention of the personal computer (PC) which led to the globalisation of the computer industry, with multinationals creating a production network that took advantage of local capabilities to serve markets around the world. Parts used for assembling a PC were outsourced competitively, and it was in Microsofts interest to be able to license its operating systems for use by all computer manufacturers because this meant capturing the market. Thus, even today Microsoft operating systems and other software products, such as Microsoft Office, remain the most popular around the world. Because Microsoft had early mover advantage, it could develop its products to present quality that remains unmatched by others even today. By trying to seek the lowest prices for its PC components, IBM encouraged suppliers to enter large volume manufacturing and this meant that prices gradually dropped. By copyrighting the Basic Input Output System (BIOS) for its c omputers, the program which connects computer hardware to the operating system, IBM had tried to ensure that others could not copy its personal computers. Despite this, Compaq reverse engineered the BIOS by analysing leading software applications to produce its own computer, but others who had directly copied the IBM BIOS were sued. Standardisation provided Microsoft and others in the industry with greater leverage, creating an open architecture that encouraged new players who could build their own PCs provided, they purchased microprocessors from Intel, BIOS from a suitable supplier and operating system from Microsoft. Dedrick (1998, 58 75) goes on to suggest that the evolution of the global PC industry was moulded by intense competition among PC manufacturers who now had an open architecture, but could purchase licensed BIOS and Microsoft operating systems. Thus, the actual manufacturing of PCs was located in regions that presented cheap labour and close to markets in locations that optimised the interests of manufacturers. Massive investments in DRAM memory chip developments by Japanese and South Korean electronic multinationals were to mean that they retain leadership in this technology even today, but actual manufacturing has now shifted to East Asia from where labour costs are low and shipments to Japan, North America, Europe and other markets are possible. Only designing, new technology development and marketing are retained in the United States of America, with a certain shift to cheaper locations, such as Bangalore in India, where skills and expertise in certain technologies are available cheaply. Thus, it is only proper to conclude that computer manufacturers have tried to do that which will reduce prices together with making profits while providing funds for future research. However, despite this many around the world suffer from a lack of access to ICT. A shift towards horizontal integration rather than vertical integration was the driving force behind the globalisation of the PC industry (Dedrick, 1998, 68 75). East Asian countries could develop strong linkages with the global production system for PC coordinated by the United States of America because they possessed national industry infrastructure and had gained an expertise in exporting, they indulged in aggressive outward-oriented national policies to develop national industries, and they had prior experience in electronics manufacturing. Although, it may appear a casual observer that superior design and technology alone will provide a competitive advantage for the marketing of high-tech products, including the ICT, this is not quite correct. Jager (1997, Chapter 8), which presents the story of Dell Computer Corporation indicates that offering superior service and ease in purchasing quality computers over the phone can help support a superior product. In addition, reducing cost overheads involved with retail could benefit both Dell Computer Corporation and its customers. Thus, Dell Corporation which had revolutionised the idea that customers could purchase direct from the manufacturer over the phone without any retail store being involved provided better deals to its customers. This company was to grow from a $6 million company in 1984 to $69 million in 1987 and $546 million in 1991. Clearly, better pricing made possible by eliminating the retailer, superior service and the high-quality computing machines sold by Dell Corporation satisfied a vast majority of customers to make such spectacular growth possible. Obviously market capture is important, and it is right to do that which will appeal to the market. It will be right to say that over the years, economic development and consolidation of the global production system for PC has presented established markets and locations. However, the opening up of China not only provided a vast new market in which multinationals could compete, but this also enabled Chinese multinationals to compete more aggressively on international markets (Larcon, 2009, 195 205). Lenovo Group has been a unique success story in Chinas corporate world and this group recently strengthened its position in global markets by acquiring the PC division of IBM for US$1.25 billion in cash and shares, with US$500 million in debts. IBM was more interested in focusing on service, software development and server technology. In addition, IBM hoped to benefit from the sale of its PC division to Lenovo by targeting Chinese banks, government agencies and manufacturing companies, while Lenovo was to remain a preferred supplier to IBM global services. Lenovo, which had a 27% share of the PC market in China, with an iron grip on government and education markets, and a 12.2% share in the Asia-Pacific region, (excluding Japan), now derives only 2% of its annual global sales from the Chinese markets and can compete with Dell Corporation and Hewlett-Packard. The world is now witnessing a large scale reconfiguration of value chains related to ICT as large Western firms focus their activities on core and more profitable markets in comparison to the mature markets. According to Larcon (2009, 198 200), the sources of competitive advantage now exhaust progressively, possibilities for differentiation are now thinner and margins erode as products become commoditised. Innovations in products are difficult to sustain because these innovations are now easily copied and claims of technical superiority are difficult to prove due to product commoditisation. However, locating in cheap labour markets with high automation in production can provide China with opportunities for co mpeting. The Research Markets (2004, â€Å"Computer Company Strategy Their New Developments in the Digital Consumer Electronics Market†) states that many computer manufacturing firms were now poaching into each others markets and looking for new sources of competitive advantage. According to the previously mentioned report, household penetration of computers in the United States of America had reached 80%, and it was unlikely that any further growth could be sustained even by estimates presented by the computer industry. Subsequently, the prevailing global financial recession of 2008 2010 adversely impacted global sales of computers and all computer manufacturers, including Dell Corporation, were trying to find ways for sustaining price declines in an effort to increase sales. Thus, moving to cheaper locations for manufacturing computers and cutting costs proved to be essential for everyone. Computer manufacturers in China continued to adjust their strategies in the face of shrinkin g demand and Dell Corporation announced the closure of its plant in Ireland to shift production to Poland, which offers cheaper operating cost for manufacturing (Wikipedia, 2009, â€Å"Dell†) and (C114, 2008, â€Å"Chinese computer manufacturers adjusting strategies for 2009 as market demand shrinks†). Manufacturers in China are now targeting rural markets with the assistance of the government of China, which has decided to include computers among its list of household subsidised goods for its citizens. Clearly, the previously mentioned strategy will work to bring computers into the lives of very many more people to diminish the effects of the digital divide and boost the rural areas of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC). Examination of news headlines associated with major computer manufacturers, including Dell Corporation and Hewlett-Packard, on Yahoo Finance and Google Finance suggest that efforts are ongoing to bring more innovation into offerings made available by the global computer industry (Yahoo Finance, 2010, â€Å"Search Results for Dell and HP†) and (Google Finance, 2010, â€Å"Search Results for Dell and HP†). However, it will appear that price competition will intensify in the computer industry because according to Acer CEO, Stan Shih, the trend for low price computers will continue for the coming years, but the high wages of US$20 per hour in the United States of America in comparison to US$1 in PRC make it impossible for United States manufacturers to compete with cheap products (Alberts, 2010, â€Å"Asias Laptop Ascendance?†). Tech vendors are now developing new products faster and chip sales have improved due to demand for newer chips for new types of computers an d high-tech gadgets (Wall Street Journal, 2010, â€Å"Search Results for Computers†). Thus, it will appear that the price of the latest computer with the latest technology will fall but the prices of second hand computers, which can still work will fall even more. Thus, it appears that computers are now even more affordable than ever and this trend will continue for the future. Although today computer manufacturers have to think hard and deep to innovate new products that attract customers, it will appear that further developments and improvements in personal, handheld or notebook computers are still possible. Research in ubiquitous, mobile and context aware computing will suggest that many new innovations are possible to be included into the portable gadget that individuals are likely to carry around with them as their personal computer (Stojanovic, 2009, Chapter 1) and (Symonds, 2009, Chapter 1). It is likely that a personal computing device of the future will contain a number of sensors that will enable it to determine its location and depending on where the device is located and the context that dominates within this location, the personal computing device will interact with its human user to suite the location and the dominant context. Thus, much more can be added to what is available in the form of a laptop, notebook or a mobile computing device. Howe ver, it is likely that the computer manufacturers are waiting and saving to get out of the economic downturn to bring new futuristic products when they are likely to sell. Obviously, standardisation and further developments in networks will have to support such mobile context aware devices and this means that the economic climate must right to be able to support implementation of ideas, which have been demonstrated in the laboratory. The technology exists, but it as to be rolled out for commercialisation and mass production. Even those living in developed countries and their communities cannot upgrade their networks, computing hardware and software every day. Although laptop and notebook computers today have built-in cameras and Radio Frequency Identification Devices (RFID) as well as finger print identification, the developed world still waits for ubiquitous grids, ambient intelligence, ubiquitous networking and proliferation of applications for RFID, such as contactless payment sy stems (Symonds, 2009, Chapter 1). The previously mentioned will only appear when the economy is right. Gupta (2009, Chapter 7) states that in the relatively near future, organisations will have to change their mindset to thrive and to sustain competitive advantage. It will be necessary for all to rethink their global strategy, rethink innovation, organisation and to develop a global mindset rather than a local or a national mindset. Global strategy must be designed with a view to trying to capture the largest share in the global market. Thus, emerging economies of China and India should be considered for inclusion even though the purchasing power of consumers in these countries is far below that of the developed West. Perhaps if Microsoft had been willing to sell its operating systems and other software in emerging economies at prices that considered local spending power, software piracy would have been much reduced and earnings for Microsoft boosted. Such a strategy would have benefited everyone, but this did not materialise. Customised solutions to suite the local market should be a vailable with global players. It is important to judiciously globalise the corporate resource base and to balance the need for global integration with the need for local responsiveness. It is likely that the end game in globalisation will not be global standardisation, but global customisation to suite local markets, local requirements and local conditions. Obviously, customisation for emerging and low income countries should perhaps tilt towards making products more affordable. Innovation needs to focus on saving resources that have become depleted due to human activity and extravagance. It is important to remember that dwindling reserves of fossil fuels cannot sustain the huge international trade volumes that persist today. Thus, sustainable production for sustaining standards and innovation on all fronts is important. Gupta (2009, Chapter 7) continues on to state that in the future, manufacturers will have to contend with a constant and rapid evolution of technology that will require that products change to suite. The author presents an example of books that used to be purchased in brick and mortar stores now being downloaded into book readers, PDAs or laptops, with these books changing dynamically as authors add new material. In the future, it will be difficult for a firm to remain secretive about its operations because the Internet will make news, information, balance sheets and other matters transparent to everyone with an interest. New competitors and alliances from emerging countries will have an impact on business and the previously mentioned example of Lenovo presenting a new force in production serves to illustrate this. Innovation directed towards developing new products in a collaborative manner to combine knowledge, resources and technologies will become necessary. Global hubs that coor dinate together to operate synergistically for the global and local benefit will be the shape of the organisation of the future. A strong corporate culture will act as a cohesive force and executives will be willing to benefit from and present benefits to the global diversity rather than succumbing to it by building bridges rather than moats. It can be hoped that when gradually conditions emerge that will enable global multinationals to give and to receive from all, digital divide will diminish more, but it is important to remember that all, including the disadvantaged, will contribute to improve the future (United Nations ESCAP, 2006, 20 26) and (United Nations ESCAP, 2005, 1 23). Governments, the civil society, the individual and ICT manufacturers must all work together to create sustainable solutions because it is important to remember that products of innovation that benefit humanity are made possible by sharing skills, knowledge, effort and making judicious investments. It costs to acquire skills, learn and to take risks to innovate. Thus, it will be unfair to blame entirely the manufacturers for not trying hard enough. However, ICT manufacturers too must be willing to lean towards customisation to suite market conditions rather than insisting on standardisation that will deliberately the underprivileged at an even greater disadvantage. Conclusion It is clear from the discussion presented that although the global economic recession of 2008 2010 and saturation in the developed markets has contributed to the downturn in the ICT industry, computer manufacturers are not yet out of ideas for new products and innovations that will benefit humanity and present a demand in the market. However, it is in the interest of ICT manufacturers to take a global view to do more to benefit and to benefit from emerging markets. Standardisation of products and prices has failed to deliver. Customisation for local conditions will result in benefits for all, but all parties including the individual, government, civic society and the non-governmental sector must contribute while trying to understand perspectives.

William Blake’s Poetry Demonstrates His Fascination with the ‘Marriage of Opposites’

â€Å"William Blake’s poetry demonstrates his fascination with the ‘marriage of opposites’† William Blake uses a diversity of techniques to demonstrate his interest in the ‘marriage of opposites’. Opposite is defined as one that is contrary to another. Innocence is frequently associated with youth and childhood as it is the sincere beauty of life. Those who are innocent are unaware of sexuality or the wickedness of this world to which they are helpless against. Whereas experience is the fights and commotion by something innovative which leads to a new understanding.It is a collection of lessons that a person goes through during their lifetime. The contrast between innocence and experience is portrayed in Blake’s poems Infant Joy, Infant Sorrow and The Chimney Sweeper (innocence), The Chimney Sweeper (experience) through the use of metaphors, symbolism, imagery, juxtaposition, emotive language, repetition, alliteration and assonance. This essay will examine the notions of innocence and experience through references to the poetic techniques applied in the poems. Infant Joy is one of the poems by Blake which falls in the Songs of Innocence.What is the difference between a figurative and a literal analogy?Notions of innocence are depicted in the poem through the way Blake has used language which resembles that of a child. The idea of innocence is also portray by the joyous and happy tone used throughout the poem. The child, who is the persona, verbalizes as if it is so grateful to be alive. This is also shown through the use of poetic techniques such as repetition. The reappearance of the words â€Å"sweet joy† gives a positive disposition as both represent happiness. The use of imagery is also evident when he writes â€Å"pretty joy! It provides us the visual of a very adorable baby and allows us to envision a newborn child, so naive and unaware of the dangers of this world. The technique Blake has used in str ucturing the poem sets it out in resemblance to a lullaby. The short sentences, simple words and optimistic language add to the notion of innocence as infancy and innocence are often associated with one another. Words such as: happy, sweet, joy, pretty, smile and sing, carry positive connotations and in using these within the poem, Blake has created a theme of cheerfulness and purity.Blake uses similar techniques in The Chimney Sweeper (innocence) as he did in Infant Joy to portray the notions of innocence. He has once again used a child persona and simple language to identity the inexperience and purity in the poem. Poetic techniques such as symbolism, repetition, visual and aural imagery are used to assist in creating this theme of infancy and ingenuousness. There are many uses of symbolism throughout the poem. â€Å"And by came an Angel who had a bright key, and he opened the coffins and set them all free. † This line holds two example of symbolism.One being the bright key which symbolises freedom and hope for the chimney sweepers, the other being the coffins which represent their death and the actual chimney that the children would have usually died in. Repetition is seen in the line â€Å"could scarcely cry ‘Weep! Weep! Weep! Weep! ’† The use of repetition here emphasizes the youth of the child when its parents had sold them and also speaks for all the other chimney sweepers who had to be sold at a young age. The use of visual and aural imagery in the line â€Å"then down a green plain, leaping, laughing they run, and wash in a river and shine in the Sun. identifies the happiness of the children as they have been set free from their chimneys. You can visual the children soaring and giggling across the green plain on a bright sunny day and see the big smiles on their faces as well as hear them laughing. The use of words such as: young and little create the theme of innocence in the poem. As William Blake is fascinated in the mar riage of opposites, all of his songs of innocence partner with a song of experience. Infant Sorrow contrasts to Infant Joy as it holds negative connotations. This is done by setting a lost, hopeless, depressing and despairing tone.This tone is created by poetic techniques such as visual and aural imagery, simile, and figurative language. Visual and aural imagery can be identified when the child is explaining how it was brought into the world. â€Å"piping loud† gives us a glimpse of what it was like when this happened and what an awful experience it was for the baby. A simile is used in the line â€Å"like a fiend hid in a cloud†. This is also the use of figurative language as the child is not literally like a demon in the cloud however it is implying that it feels that way.The child senses that its parents are not very supportive of it being brought into the world and the child feels as though it is alone and will have to get by on its own without the love, support an d comfort of its parents. That is why it has chosen to say it is like a fiend hid in a cloud because it feels out of place and on its own. The diction used in this poem demonstrates that it is a song of experience as it uses words such as: groaned, wept, dangerous, helpless, fiend and struggling.These words give negative connotations and therefore add to the theme of hopelessness and desperation. The Chimney Sweeper (experience) uses similar techniques as Infant Sorrow to depict the notions of experience. Blake has set a resentful and bitter tone through the child persona as we hear about the child condemning its parents for their actions. Poetic techniques such as juxtaposition, metaphor and aural imagery are used to enhance these themes. â€Å"A little black thing among the snow† is the use of juxtaposition as it is contrasting ‘black’ and ‘snow’.It is suggesting that the child is the little black thing as it is covered in soot from the chimneys, a nd is lying on the white snow. The theme of this poem is also portrayed when the child says â€Å"crying weep, weep, in notes of woe† this is an example of aural imagery as we can hear the child weeping. A metaphor is used in the line â€Å"who make up a heaven of our misery†. The child is conveying how its parents make up the heaven of our misery, implying that they are the heaven of our misery. This metaphor holds negative connotations as the child expresses how his parents are guilty of putting him in this misery.The child’s parents act as if they are religious people when they would happily condemn their innocent child to this life. When analyzing the diction used in the poem, words such as: crying, weep, death, injury and misery can be found which demonstrates negative connotations. In conclusion, William Blake’s fascination with the marriage of opposites is clearly established in his poetry. The contrast between innocence and experience is clear in his songs of innocence and songs of experience as innocence is associated with youth and purity and experience is linked to sadness and despair.

Online Dating An Ideal Type Of Dating - 849 Words

Online dating is a fairly common occurrence in our society. Beginning with chatrooms in the early 90’s and expanding to mobile dating apps such as tinder and grinder (Kennedy, 2010), online dating has become an institutionalized part of romantic encounters in our society (Kennedy, 2010). Early 2000’s television and film such as â€Å"You’ve Got Mail†, and â€Å"Sex in the City† show case the increased popularity of online dating during the time, and by looking at the variety of online dating websites and networks now, it is easy to see how common and available online dating has become. If one were to examine online dating using a Weberian perspective, online dating would be part of different ideal types of dating (Allan, 2014). Because ideal types are a sort comparison point, as long as other types of dating exist, online dating can be considered an ideal type of dating (Allan, 2014). In the case of online dating, Weber might say that there are various types of dating (online, blind date, casual, exclusive, etc.) and that online dating holds an appeal that other types of dating might not. Online dating has become quick and to the point, requires little face to face interaction, and often allows individuals to interact. This would make online dating an ideal type for someone who works long hours, is shy, or who perhaps wants to interact with more than one person at a time (BuzzFeedVideo, 2015). A Weberian perspective would also tell us that online dating has become bureaucratizedShow MoreRelatedOnline Dating : The Negative Side Of Finding Significant Others Over The Internet1596 Words   |  7 Pagesay, 2017 Online Dating: The Negative Side of Finding Significant Others Over the Internet Before the birth of technology and social media, people approached their significant others face-to face. 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The Cause of Poverty - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1278 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2018/12/27 Category Economics Essay Type Research paper Level High school Tags: Economy Essay Poverty Essay Did you like this example? How I discovered the truth about poverty? Perhaps is a research statement from Barbara Ehrenreich in her contribution towards the underlying cause of poverty. In the article how I discovered the truth about poverty? Ehrenreich incorporates Michael Harrington best-selling book known as The Other America to indicate the perception of what people actually believed was the discovery of the cause of poverty. Harrington in his book states that poverty is caused by lack of effort to prosper, living a life of crime and having the faulty lifestyle. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Cause of Poverty" essay for you Create order Harrington manages to create a line between the poor and rich through his statement that poverty alienates a society they are different from us.Barbara is not happy for Harrington suggestions about the cause of poverty, and she cant believe why many people bought the book. Barbara believes that Harrington is misleading the society with the book and the suggestion about poverty. Poverty cannot be liked with living a life of crime since there are so many people who are rich and they are in crime business. Barbara comes out with another perception on the issue of poverty that ?Poverty is not a cultural aberration or a character flaw, but a shortage of money. She believes that poverty is not based on character but an absence of money in an individuals life. This indicates that the real cause of poverty is yet to be known. Poverty is a global issue that affects about 50% of the worlds population. Therefore, many researchers have given their views as far as the cause of poverty is concerned. The article growth, poverty and asset allocation: the role of the stateby Ramon Lopez describes that poverty is caused by the government through their unfair spending and land allocation to the people. She describes how the government harms the people and shows through equations how the government takes resources from the peasants and gives to the communist who becomes wealthier. She strongly believes that government is perhaps the cause of poverty that exists in many nations today pushing the number to be half the entire worlds population. On the other hand, Homan in his article titled ?being and becoming poorstates that most people live in poverty due to lack of opportunities, jobs, education and low wages. He also pointed out that the people of color had a higher rate in the level of poverty to bring out the issu e of race and other factors. Different researchers have different views and understanding toward the cause of poverty which has left people to be in the middle of all the arguments. Therefore, I would say that poverty is a complex phenomenon and it is caused by a range of factors that possible work together resulting in inadequate resources. Poverty is caused by a corrupt government through unequal distribution of resources in the society. These individualists are people in high governmental positions who just think about themselves. It contributes to one of the factors that cause poverty. Lopez in her article states that some government official through ?uses a few algebraic equations to determine how the government was taking land away from peasants, and giving it to the capitalist, which creates more poverty by eliminating jobs. These bring support to the government factor coming into the causes of poverty. On the other hand, Barbara raises the issue of government with a different point of view that government should not be included to influence the cause of poverty. She believes that government should not support people but should promote social cohesion and an environment for people to invest. This perhaps supports the idea that government has some roles in the causes of poverty. The issue of individualism can be a factor to the cause of poverty. I would like to say that poverty can be fought by an individual through a collaborative effort within the self. Many people are perhaps in poverty due to the fact they are comfortable with the situation and are afraid to make a step in life. Moreover, unlike Evan, Barbara believes that A failure of individual responsibility is the cause of poverty in the U.S. (Paragraph 22) This media means that there is an effort that an individual should perform to evade poverty. Therefore, the society through individuals effort, especially within the poverty-stricken regions, should motivate the people to understand that one factor to escape poverty is to become responsible and have the desire to change and grow rich. However, Evan has a different explanation for the causes of poverty. He believes that through an individual has to work; the government and other leaders should stop greed, discrimination, and exploitation. According to him, the causes of poverty are beyond an individual factor, and therefore there are other relevant factors in the environment. Additionally, mental health has brought a different discussion of understanding that Poverty is not induced by individual efforts but by a collection of factors contributing to the cause. Many people use the excuse stating that mental health has been the cause of poverty since this condition makes people miss opportunities, jobs, and money. Harrington reports that poverty is caused byindividual proclivities of the poor.Therefore, to confirm or disapprove the statement a research was carried in various families under poverty in Hong Kong to test their psychology. The research reported that there was no sign of mental health or problem in the individual who participated in the program. This medium means that people under poverty mayhem do not have the mental problem. Therefore, there was no limitation toward all individual who would wish to become wealthy. Moreover, this makes another point that they dont believe poverty is caused by lack of abilities and their efforts. Thus, its clear that causes of poverty have brought out many issues with clarity to be attained. Conclusion Poverty is a global concern that has led to many research carried out to determine its causes. There have been arguments between the articles from the researcher with some disagreeing with others opinions. Barbara has problems Harrington through his view of poverty and conclusion that poor people are not like the rich. However, various aspects were given with some describing that some governments are responsible for the poverty that strikes their corresponding nations. It is believed that some of this government take root through discriminative abilities by taking some resources from the people and gives them to the rich. Some have also argued that government should be out of the issue since it cannot reach all the citizens and make them wealthy or force them to work to become wealthy. Moreover, others believe that poverty is caused by an individual irresponsive nature making them comfortable in their position. Some have also blamed that there is an issue with mental health connectio n with the poor. Additionally, some have argued that poverty is caused by the absence of opportunities and jobs in the society. Therefore, we can say that poverty is caused several factors combined making resources to be scared towards an individual. Work cited Ehrenreich, Barbara.How I Discovered the Truth About Poverty. From Inquiry to Academic Writing, 15 Mar. 2012, pp. 606â€Å"609. Homan, Patricia, Lauren Valentino, and Emi Weed. Being and becoming poor: How cultural schemas shape beliefs about poverty. Social Forces 95.3 (2017): 1023-1048. Lopez, Ramon E.GROWTH, POVERTY AND ASSET ALLOCATION: THE ROLE OF THE STATE.Center for Development Research (ZEF), 2001.University of Bonn, Discussion Papers. Shek, Daniel TL. Beliefs about causes of poverty and psychological well-being of parents and adolescents experiencing economic disadvantage in Hong Kong. The American Journal of Family Therapy 32.3 (2004): 239-254. Selinger, Evan, K. Outterson, and K. P. Whyte. Poverty tourism and the problem of consent. No. 11-22. Boston University Working Paper, 2011.